King's Cross fire

King's Cross St Pancras tube station has subsurface platforms for the Metropolitan, Circle, and Hammersmith & City lines.

They saw a fire about the size of a large cardboard box, and planned to fight it with a water jet and men with breathing apparatus.

David Fitzsimons, a Metropolitan Police superintendent, told reporters: "We are talking about a major tragedy; many people are horribly burned.

[17] On a television programme about the fire, an official described King's Cross underground station's layout as "an efficient furnace".

[20] LFB Station Officer Colin Townsley was in charge of the first pump fire engine to arrive at the scene, and was in the ticket hall at the time of the flashover.

He was killed in the fire; his body was found beside that of a badly burnt passenger at the base of the exit steps to Pancras Road.

[21] An initially unidentified man, commonly known as "Michael" or "Body 115" in reference to a mortuary tag, was identified on 22 January 2004, when forensic evidence confirmed he was 73-year-old Alexander Fallon of Falkirk, Scotland.

[28] The inquiry found that the fire was most probably caused by a traveller discarding a burning match that fell down the side of the moving staircase on to the running track of the escalator.

Investigators found charred wood in eight places on a section of skirting on an escalator and matches in the running track,[30] showing that similar fires had started before but had burnt themselves out without spreading.

[34] Experiments were conducted with a one-third-scale replica of the escalator built at the UK's Health and Safety Executive site at Buxton.

[45] By 1997, the majority of the recommendations of the Fennell report had been implemented, with safety improvements including the removal of any hazardous materials, CCTV fitted in stations, installation of fire alarms and sensors and the issuing of personal radios to staff.

[46] London Underground was also recommended by the Fennell Report to investigate "passenger flow and congestion in stations and take remedial action".

[52] The fire also led to improvement in firefighters' equipment: yellow plastic leggings that melted in the heat and rubber gloves that limited movement were replaced with more effective clothing.

[53] Six firemen received certificates of commendation for their actions at the fire, including Station Officer Townsley who was given the award posthumously.

[58] Memorial plaques commemorating the disaster were installed at St Pancras Church, unveiled by Diana, Princess of Wales, and at King's Cross station.

[56] The Blue Zone single "On Fire", with a young Lisa Stansfield on lead vocals, was hastily withdrawn from sale, stalling at No.

from the 1990 album Party of One tells the story of the only then-unidentified victim of the King's Cross Fire, identified in 2004 as Alexander Fallon.

[59] Charles Duhigg in his 2012 book The Power of Habit discusses how bad corporate culture and inefficient management led to the disaster at King's Cross.

[60] The poem "Tube Ride to Martha's" by Matthew Sweeney describes the final hours of a victim of the King's Cross Fire.

The now-decommissioned wooden escalator at Greenford station (seen in 2006), similar to the one that caught fire at King's Cross
Memorial plaque with the clock to the 1987 fire in the station
Memorial to the 1987 fire in St Pancras New Church