[1][2][3] After the fall of Balhae, part of the land was annexed by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, and part was incorporated into the Liao vassal Dongdan Kingdom, and the rest was inhabited by the Koguryo people who retained independence.

The conquered people of Balhae immediately began rebelling against the Liao dynasty.

Starting in 927, the Khitans had begun to hunt down and execute all members of the royal family in order to destroy any chance of a new ruler to take the throne.

The Dae clan then united the western Amnok River resistance groups and established "Later Balhae" at Holohan Fortress, in 927.

However, general Yeol Manhwa took control of the area in a coup and established Jeongan (Ding'an) in 935.