These languages include; Ossetic, Ukrainian, Buryat, Kalmyk, Chechen, Ingush, Abaza, Adyghe, Cherkess, Kabardian, Altai, Bashkir, Chuvash, Crimean Tatar, Karachay-Balkar, Khakas, Nogai, Tatar, Tuvan, Yakut, Erzya, Komi, Hill Mari, Meadow Mari, Moksha, and Udmurt.

[10] Protests and petitions against the bill by either civic society, groups of public intellectuals or regional governments came from Tatarstan (with attempts for demonstrations suppressed),[12] Chuvashia,[10] Mari El,[10] North Ossetia,[12][13] Kabardino-Balkaria,[12][14] the Karachays,[12] the Kumyks,[12][15] the Avars,[12][16] Chechnya,[8][17] and Ingushetia.

[8] The law was also seen as possibly destabilizing, threatening ethnic relations and revitalizing the various North Caucasian nationalist movements.

[19] Twelve of Russia's ethnic autonomies, including five in the Caucasus called for the legislation to be blocked.

to a gradual phasing out of indigenous language teaching both in the cities and rural areas while regional media and governments shift exclusively to Russian.

[citation needed] In the North Caucasus, the law came after a decade in which educational opportunities in the indigenous languages was reduced by more than 50%, due to budget reductions and federal efforts[citation needed] to decrease the role of languages other than Russian.

[12] Chechen and Ingush are still used as languages of everyday communication to a greater degree than their North Caucasian neighbours, but sociolinguistics argue that the current situation will lead to their degradation relative to Russian as well.

These are, besides Russian, the following: Aghul, Avar, Azerbaijani, Chechen, Dargwa, Kumyk, Lak, Lezgian, Nogai, Rutul, Tabasaran, Tat and Tsakhur.

[66] However, there exists the special law about state support and protection of the Karelian, Vepsian and Finnish languages in the republic, see next section.

Similar laws were adopted in Mari El, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Khakassia and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

People with higher education and high economic and social status are more likely to know a foreign language.

The new study by Levada-Center in April 2014[3] reveals such numbers: The age and social profiling are the same: knowledge of a foreign language is predominant among the young or middle-aged population, those with a high level of education and high social status, and those who live in big cities.

In 2015, a survey taken in all federal subjects of Russia showed that 70% of Russians could not speak a foreign language.

[74] Every year the Russian Ministry of Education and Science publishes statistics on the languages used in schools.