The county contains 46 unincorporated communities and ghost towns, Cane Creek State Park at the confluence of Cane Creek and Bayou Bartholomew, and nine listings on the National Register of Historic Places to preserve the history and culture of the county.

[4] The western half is part of the Arkansas Timberlands, a portion of the Gulf Coastal Plain characterized by flat pine and cypress forests and silviculture rather than row agriculture.

Fishing, canoeing, and kayaking are available on the lake in addition to pavilions, trails, and a visitor center with gift shop on land.

[8] Huff's Island Public Use Area is located on the Arkansas River in northeastern Lincoln County.

Managed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the park does not have a boat ramp or camping, but offers day use, river bank access from March–September, and four picnic sites.

Both high schools offer Advanced Placement (AP) courses and are accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE).

The location offers books, e-books, media, reference, youth, business and genealogy services.

[26] The Jefferson Regional Medical Center in Pine Bluff is a community hospital offering acute inpatient care, emergency care, cardiology, home health, inpatient hospice, neurology, surgery, and the UAMS South Central Family Residency Program.

Baptist Health Medical Center and CHI St. Vincent Infirmary are referral hospitals in Little Rock.

The agency is led by the Lincoln County Sheriff, an official elected by countywide vote every four years.

The quorum court is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection.

[35][36] Lincoln County historically followed the Solid South voting trend of strong support for Democrats.

However, following the election of Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton, the county has turned increasingly Republican, including in state and local races.

In Congress, Arkansas has been represented by two Republican senators (John Boozman and Tom Cotton) since January 3, 2015, ending a long history of Democratic hegemony.

In the Arkansas State Senate, Lincoln County is split essentially in half between north and south.

The district has been represented by Stephanie Flowers, a Democratic lawyer from Pine Bluff, since January 2013.

[38] The southern half of Lincoln County is within District 26, which reaches to the southeastern corner of the state.

A small portion in northern Lincoln County, including Grady and Varner, is within District 16.

This tax is collected by the Lincoln County Collector between the first business day of March of each year through October 15 without penalty.

This is due to early settlers in Arkansas tending to settle in small clusters rather than incorporated towns.

Other communities are simply a few dwellings at a crossroads that have adopted a common place name over time.

Each township includes unincorporated areas; some may have incorporated cities or towns within part of their boundaries.

However, the United States census does list Arkansas population based on townships (sometimes referred to as "county subdivisions" or "minor civil divisions").

Each town or city is within one or more townships in an Arkansas county based on census maps and publications.

[44] The route connects travelers to Pine Bluff (and Little Rock via Interstate 530 [I-530]) to the north, and Mississippi and Louisiana to the south.

[45] Currently, the route serves as direct access to Pine Bluff and points north for Star City travelers, in less distance than US 65.

Highway 54 crosses the county from east to west on a winding, indirect route between Dumas and Pine Bluff.

The Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) is responsible for the regulation and oversight of public water systems throughout the state.

[53] The Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) regulates and oversees wastewater treatment and discharge permits in the state.

Lincoln County contains three municipal wastewater systems, and one active domestic NPDES permit for Cummins Unit.