Lumazine synthase is thus found in those organisms (plants, fungi and most microorganisms) which produce riboflavin.
[2] Depending on the species, 5, 10 or 60 copies of the enzyme bind together to form homomers.
In the case of 60 copies, the enzyme units form a icosahedral hollow cage.
[2] These icosahedral cages have been investigated for use in drug delivery or as vaccines, delivering antigens.
[2] Using directed evolution, Lumazine synthase has been modified so that it forms larger cages that preferentially package RNA molecules that code for the protein, akin to a virus capsid.