Muhiti opposed Sheng's close ties with the Soviet Union forming opposition to his regime in Kashgar.

[1] At the end of 1932, Muhiti was one of the leaders of the insurrection in Turpan, along with his elder brother Makhsut against the Xinjiang provincial authorities.

[5] The group that initiated the revolt in Turpan was a secret organisation led by Muhiti's brother Makhsut,[6] who was killed during the rebellion (on March 8, 1933, in the battle for Lukchun in Pichan County, his head was cut off by White Russian Guards, mobilized in 1932 into Xinjiang Provincial Army by Governor Jin Shuren).

[8] Their arrival in March 1933 in Xinjiang under command of Liu Pin[9] coincided with the brake of relations between Ma Shiming and Turkic rebels in Turpan.

Soon, Sheng Shicai, Chief of Staff of the Xinjiang's Frontier Army, restored the provincial authority in Turpan.

Using the opportunity during a coup in the provincial capital of Ürümqi against Xinjiang's Governor Jin Shuren, Hoja-Niyaz led his forces towards Turpan in April.

They proclaimed themselves as the Xinjiang Citizens Revolutionary Army and wrote to the Central government in Nanking justifying their response to Jin's tyranny.

[2] Newly appointed provincial administration, de facto led by Duban or Military Governor Sheng Shicai, entered negotiations with Hoja-Niyaz.

Previously they tried to drive a wedge between the two rebel leaders by offering Ma Zhongying military supremacy over Tarim Basin.

In November 1933, the Independence Association proclaimed the East Turkestan Republic (ETR or TIRET), with Sabit Damulla as Prime Minister and surprisingly appointing Hoja-Niyaz, theoretically aligned with Ürümqi, as President in absentia.

However, not long after taking the position, he met with Soviet officials who instructed him to prove his reliability by bringing in the ETR's anti-Soviet Prime Minister Damulla.

With the Soviet assistance, Sheng again defeated Ma Zhongying's forces, who retreated south from Tien Shan, in a region controlled by the ETR.

[15] Muhiti supported the ceasefire agreement between Hoja-Niyaz and Sheng, which enabled him to hold a senior military post after the rebellion.

[3] In order to reassure the local population and to allow himself further time to consolidate his power in the northern and eastern part of the province, Sheng appointed Muhiti as overall Military Commander for the Kashgar region.

Immediately upon his arrival he ordered that the picture of Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Chinese Republic, be hung in the Kashgar mosque.

The local Muslim population was dismayed by the developments in Kashgar and considered that the "Bolsheviks had taken over the country and were bent on destroying religion".

To fund this work, the association took control over the Kashgar's zakat (Islamic charity) and waqf, redirecting the wealth of local shrines to textbooks and teachers.

[21] Meanwhile, surviving officials of the ETR began to assemble in Kabul, Afghanistan, where they lobbied the Afghan government and certain embassies, most notably the Japanese, for backing.

Bughra submitted the ambassador a detailed plan about establishing the East Turkestan Republic under Japanese sponsorship, which would in return for independence, give Japan special economic and political privileges.

Soviet General Consul Garegin Apresov visited Muhiti in Kashgar and accused him of seeking Japanese support.

A new rebellion started in Kashgar[27] led by the two of Muhiti's officers Kichik Akhund and 'Abd al-Niyas[28] and supported by Dungans of the 36th Division, now commanded by Ma Hushan.

By October 1937, along with the collapse of the Turkic rebellion and the Tungan satrapy, the Muslim control over the southern part of the province ended.

[33] After arriving in British India, Muhiti left for Mecca, Saudi Arabia and was reported to be in Japan in 1940,[7] where he founded the Independence Society, which had a goal of establishing East Turkestan, opposed both to the Soviet Union and China.

While in China, Muhiti promoted a pan-Muslim movement under the auspices of the Japan-Islam society, previously established in Tokyo.