Maratecoara is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae.

[2] These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal pools, swamps and lagoons in the upper Araguaia–Tocantins and middle Xingu river basins in Brazil.

[4] They are small fish, up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in total length.

[2] The males are mottled or spotted orange-red and turquoise-blue, and have long, pointed fins.

[3][4] Maratecoara and the closely related Papiliolebias, Pituna, Plesiolebias and Stenolebias form a clade, Plesiolebiasini.