Plesiolebias is a genus of fish in the family Rivulidae.

These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal pools, swamps and lagoons in the Araguaia–Tocantins, Xingu, and uppermost Paraguay (Pantanal) river basins in Brazil.

[2] They are small fish, up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in total length.

[3] As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.

[2] Plesiolebias and the closely related Maratecoara, Papiliolebias, Pituna and Stenolebias form a clade, Plesiolebiasini.