The Medicine Lodge River is a 130-mile-long (210 km)[3] tributary of the Salt Fork of the Arkansas River in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma in the United States.

The Medicine Lodge River got its name from a large hut built by the Kiowa people, who believed the water from the river had healing properties if ingested or inhaled in a sauna type room.

According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as "A-ya-dalda-pa River," "Medicine Lodge Creek" and "Medicine River."

The river rises in Kiowa County, Kansas and flows generally southeastwardly through Barber County in Kansas and Alfalfa County in Oklahoma, past the Kansas towns of Belvidere, Sun City and Medicine Lodge.

It joins the Salt Fork of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma, about 5 miles (8 km) north-northeast of Cherokee.