This act of injustice weakened Mian Sarfaraz's rule and planted seeds of discord that eventually led to the downfall of the Kalhora dynasty.
[1][2][3] Following the victory at Halani, Mughal Emperor, Akbar Shah II issued a Firman in the year 1783, which designated Mir Fateh Ali Khan as the new Nawab of Sindh.
His poetic taste can be gauged from the fact that he had the story of Sassai Panhun written in verse by Maulana Jami, like Yusuf Zulaikha.
[14][15] Mir Fateh Ali's leadership was characterized by his commitment to peace, efficient administration, and equitable governance.
His governance was rooted in fairness and respect, with responsibilities distributed among tribal chiefs and family members based on merit and rank.
At the time of his death, Mir Fateh Ali left a treasury of 35 lakh rupees, reflecting his prudence and dedication to Sindh's prosperity.
The famous scholar and author of Zubdat-ul-Mu'asarreen, Mir Hassan Al-Husseini, praised his literary talents, stating: “His origin was from Deval (Tatta), and in eloquence, rhetoric, and discourse, he had no equal or rival.” Mir Fateh Ali Khan honored Azeem by appointing him as the Malik-ul-Shu'ara (King of Poets) at his court.
This Mathnawi, written on the suggestion of Mir Fateh Ali, was composed in the Shahnameh style of rhythmic verse and is considered the first poetic history, detailing the fall of the Kalhoras and the rise of the Talpurs.
One copy is preserved at Rashdi Sahib's collection, and the other is kept in the library of Mir Noor Muhammad Khan Talpur.
[14] The Second Battle of Shikarpur took place between the Talpur Dynasty and the Durrani Empire allied with the Khanate of Kalat for succession of Mian Abdul Nabi Kalhoro to the throne of Sindh.
As the army advanced and neared Khairpur, Mian Abdul Nabi sent representatives—Taji, Sultan, Sheikh Qamaruddin, and his son Taji Mohammad Khan—to Mir Sohrab Khan.
He replied, making a solemn promise to Mir Fateh Ali Khan, swearing on the Quran that he was ready to fight the enemy.
Mir Fateh Ali Khan received a decree from Timur Shah, ordering him to leave the Sindh government.
Mir Fateh Ali had already destroyed the bridges on the roads, making it very difficult for the Afghan army to advance.
Ghulam Ali and Allah Yar suggested waiting for reinforcements, particularly Mir Sohrab's arrival, as their army was smaller than the enemy's.
Other leaders, including Mir Ghulam Ali, Allah Yar, Thara, and the Bagho Faqir, also distinguished themselves in battle, severing the heads of many enemies.
Thereafter in 1794-5 on the 11th of the month of Badh (12th Bares) Seth Dharianamal took the keys of the fort gates to the Commanders of the army of the Amirs.
Mian Fakiro and Palia accompanied Seth Dharianamal back to the town, and after inspecting for a short time the "raised platforms" erected for Government sepoys, they visited Seth Dharianamal's otaks and there partook of sherbat, and refreshed themselves with rose water, and then returned to their camp.
[32][14] Mir Fateh Ali Khan, the esteemed founder of the Talpur dynasty in Sindh, had long been afflicted with a cancerous growth in his back, which was periodically managed through treatment.
The great conqueror of Sindh and first ruler of the Talpur family, Mir Fateh Ali Khan, departed on the night of Imam Hussain's martyrdom.
Mir Mail, reflecting on these events, composed the following poignant historical verse:[33] A cry of sorrow for the martyr King, The mourning of the royal lineage spread throughout the world.
In this event, which unfolded by divine will, God granted him eternal glory, As the celestial voice declared, "Mir Sobhdar shall forever remain honored in his legacy."
This verse by Syed Sabit Ali Shah is inscribed on the dome of the Prophet's shrine: On the night of martyrdom, Shah Shaheed departed, Amir Fateh Ali Khan, the sovereign of his time, As recorded by Sabit Zawar, marking the year of his death: "May his dwelling be the palace of paradise, and his resting place a heavenly realm."