Mobile source air pollution
Examples of this include corporate average fuel economy standards and laws that ban leaded gasoline in the United States.
The increase in the number of motor vehicles driven in the U.S. has made efforts to limit mobile source pollution challenging.
Federal, state, and local governments utilize a wide range of policy instruments to control pollution from mobile sources.
On the federal level, many different agencies are responsible for regulating, or at least creating policies to limit, pollution from mobile sources.
The Federal Aviation Administration, for example, establishes standards to limit emissions from aircraft, whereas the U.S. Department of Transportation and Environmental Protection Agency administer various aspects of on-road vehicle fuel economy regulations.
On the state level, mandatory vehicle emissions-testing programs are often required as part of the annual motor-vehicle registration process.
For consumers to make the best decisions when allocating scarce resources, such as income, detailed information about particular products may be required.
In the United States, all new cars and light-duty trucks are required to have labels that display specific fuel economy information.
[14] The US Environmental Protection Agency calculates the average fuel economy for each vehicle manufacturer, and provides the data to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), which administers and enforces the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program.
The new labels will, for the first time, provide information about each vehicle's greenhouse gas emissions, as required by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007.
The tax is levied against manufacturers of new cars that fail to meet the minimum fuel economy level of 22.5 miles per gallon.
Vehicles that achieve a minimum average fuel economy of 22.5 MPG are not subject to the gas guzzler tax.
The US federal government currently utilizes numerous tax credits to reduce emissions from mobile sources.
This credit is available "for the purchase of a new qualified plug-in electric drive motor vehicle that draws propulsion using a traction battery that has at least four kilowatt hours of capacity, uses an external source of energy to recharge the battery, has a gross vehicle weight rating of up to 14,000 pounds, and meets specified emission standards.
The Department of Energy, for example, created the "Clean Cities" program to reduce petroleum use in the transportation sector.
This voluntary partnership between the EPA and the ground freight industry is designed to reduce greenhouse gases and air pollution through increased fuel efficiency programs.
Other airport equipment that can be electronically operated include various types of belt loaders, along with the pushback tractors that assist airplanes when departing from the gate.
The Voluntary Airport Low Emission Program was established under the Vision 100 Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act of 2003.
Numerous states have emissions-testing programs to limit pollution from on-road vehicles, such as cars and light-duty trucks.
The first idea about the environmental impact of the CAFE regulation can be obtained by examining its effects on the average fuel efficiency of domestic and foreign firms; these effects are largest for the domestic production of US manufacturers, whose corporate average fuel efficiency would be lower by 1.2 MPG in the absence of CAFE standards.
Small tax increases are insufficient to induce fuel cost savings of the same order of magnitude as CAFE.
There was growing concern over lead's potential effects on human health, especially with respected hypertension and cognitive development in children.
Catalytic converters were utilized in new automobiles to help meet the hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide emission standards mandated by the 1970 Clean Air Act.
These credits could be auctioned to other companies, essentially creating a marketable allowance approach for reducing benzene content in gasoline.
