[4] The oldest site in Monduli district is the Engaruka historical site located in northwest of the district and was originally inhabited by the Iraqw peoples before they migrated south towards Karatu.

There was a wealthy Maasai ancestor with the name of Monduli, who lived in the area during the times of German colonization.

They brought forced labour and land alienation but also Christianity and European education, teaching science, math, engineering, and even German.

Tanganyika gained its independence on December 9, 1961, under the leadership of Prime Minister Julius Nyerere.

In April 1964 Tanganyika and Zanzibar, a former British protectorate, united to form Tanzania under President Nyerere.

[6] A number of isolated mountains (Monduli, Lepurko, Loosimingori, and Lengai) and broad rolling plains characterize the land landscape.

The District's vegetation includes a combination of forest, bushland, woodland grassland, and meadows.

Simba, Kirurumo, Mto wa Mbu, Selela (Kabambe), and Engaruka are the primary perennial streams.

The district is divided into three climate zones: the Highlands, the Flat and Rolling Plains, and the Rift Valley.

[6] Because of the mountains, which absorb more rain at higher altitudes, the Monduli highlands zone has a mild and sub-humid climate.

[6] Monduli District's main economic activities are livestock husbandry, agriculture production, and wildlife conservation.

Makuyuni Airstrip, located inside the District, permits light aircraft.

Land has been set aside for a proposed branch of the Lutheran founded Tumaini University at Makumira near Arusha.

Also in the district is the Tanzania People's Defence Force Tanzania Military Academy.There are also primary schools in the town of Monduli such as Mazoezi, Mlimani, Sinoni and Ngarash primary schools.