The Most–Moldava railway is a branch line in Czech Republic, which was originally built and operated by the Prague-Dux Railway.

The line, formerly known as theTeplitz Semmering Railway (Teplitzer Semmeringbahn) runs from Most (Brüx) over the Ore Mountains to Moldava (Moldau) and used to have a junction with the Nossen-Moldau railway there in Saxony until 1945.

In the Czech Republic the line is known today as the Moldavská horská dráha (Moldava Mountain Railway) or Krušnohorská železnice (Ore Mountain Railway).