This provides the unique combination of high centre-of-mass energy and clean collision environment that is not achievable in any other type of particle collider.
It also impacts the experiment design: a high flux of particles induced by the muon decay products eventually reaches the detector, requiring advanced detector technologies and event-reconstruction algorithms to distinguish these particles from collision products.
is based on a high-energy proton beam impinging on a target to produce pions, which then decay to muons that have a sizeable spread of direction and energy, which needs to be reduced for further acceleration in the ring.
[4] An alternative production method, Low Emittance Muon Accelerator (LEMMA),[5] uses a positron beam impinging on a fixed target to produce muon pairs from the electron-positron annihilation process at the threshold centre-of-mass energy.
The resulting beam does not need the cooling stage, but suffers from a very low muon-production cross section, making it challenging to achieve high luminosity with existing positron sources.
The process involved creating muonium atoms by firing a controlled beam of antimuons into a silica aerogel.