Mass transport, that is the diffusion of the reactant molecules from the electrolyte bulk to the nanoelectrode, is influenced by the formation of a double electric layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Generally, sites having lower coordination number (steps and kinks) are more reactive due to their high free energy.
The most used characterization techniques are:[4][6] There are mainly two properties that distinguish nanoelectrodes from electrodes: smaller RC constant and faster mass transfer.
A disadvantage of using a single nanoelectrode is that it generates a small current output, which puts pressure on the instrumentation, and in turn, the reliability of the measurements recorded.
Through the careful and accurate fabrication of arrays of nanoelectrodes, the electrochemical instrumentation is more reliable for sensitive measurement that enables implementation of a range of electroanalytical techniques.