In December 1917, the 2nd Congress of Rumcherod elected the Bolshevik Executive Committee and adopted a decision on transferring all power to the Soviets.

The next day, a conference of representatives of 49 enterprises, soldiers and sailors took place in Odessa, expressing support for the establishment of the Soviet regime.

The insurgents were supported by the battleships "Sinop", "Rhostislav" and the cruiser "Almaz" aboard which was the headquarters of the uprising and military tribunal.

The Black Sea Fleet ships along with the armored train "Zaamurets" were part of the approaching expeditionary force of Muravyov which joined the uprising later.

On the first day Red Guards secured the headquarters of the Odessa Military District, rail station, post office, banks and other institutions.