Orange was first settled by Europeans in 1746, created from lands in the towns of Royalston, Warwick and Athol.

The lands were not fully settled until the latter parts of the century, becoming the District of Orange in 1783, and finally being incorporated as a town in 1810.

In 1790, the Millers River was dammed within town, and industry began in the former farming community.

[3][4] The town was used as the eponymous location for the Hulu Castle Rock series, based on Stephen King's works, with several businesses in the downtown refitted to reflect the milieu.

[9] Orange is drained by the Millers River, which flows through the center of the modern town.

It is bordered by Royalston to the northeast, Athol to the southeast, New Salem to the south, Wendell to the southwest, a small portion of Erving to the west, and Warwick to the northwest.

Like most of Massachusetts, Orange falls into a humid continental climate type, or Koppen Dfa/Dfb.

Except for the westernmost tenth of a mile, the entire road is a limited access highway through town.

The Fitchburg Railroad and later Boston and Maine once provided passenger rail service to Orange; however, these trains have long ceased operating and today only freight passes through the town.

The Town of Orange owns and operates Orange Municipal Airport (ICAO: KORE, FAA LID: ORE), a small air service airstrip which also serves as a flight training center and parachuting center.