Orleans is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States.

The town is located in the northern part of the county and is north of Watertown.

The Oneida tribe granted land, a 100-square-mile (260 km2) tract, in the town to Peter Penet in 1788.

The community of La Fargeville was founded around 1816 by the construction of a mill on the Chaumont River.

The Irwin Brothers Store and Stone Mills Union Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

New York State Route 411 is an east–west highway in the southern part of Orleans.