The valley is located between the Massanutten and Blue Ridge mountain ranges in western Virginia.

Similarly to the south of Luray, at Ingham, the valley narrows to 3.5 miles (5.6 km) wide.

The South Fork of the Shenandoah River flows along the western side of the Page Valley, along the eastern foot of the ridge-like Massanutten Mountain.

During the American Civil War, it was known as the Luray Valley since Luray, Virginia (the county seat of Page County) is located in the center of Page Valley.

The valley played a significant role in the strategy of Confederate Major General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson during his Valley Campaign of 1862 in which he defeated three numerically superior Union armies.