[1] After the Partition of India in 1947, the Spanish city of Ceuta received a substantial influx of Sindhi Hindus from current-day Pakistan.

[5] During her mandate as prime minister, a Bilateral Agreement for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments and a Memorandum of Understanding on Financial Cooperation were signed in 1995.

[6] Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf made an official visit to Spain in April 2007, visiting Madrid and Córdoba and meeting Spanish prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero and king Juan Carlos I.

[7] Prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani made an official visit in June 2010, signing an agreement to remove double taxation.

[10][11] He intended to somehow secure safe ways out of Afghanistan for the remaining Afghan collaborators with Spain in the wake of the Taliban takeover of the country.