Paraoxonase

Paraoxonases have been found to perform a number of biological functions, though the primary role of this group of enzymes is still a topic of speculation.

These properties provide a promising potential for development of new therapeutic interventions to combat a number of health conditions.

however, the lack of identifying specific natural substrates and numerous physiological roles has made it difficult in determining mechanisms of action for the diverse number of reactions catalyzed by this enzyme family.

[16][17] The development of atherosclerosis is a complex process, though the main underlying feature is simply an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation.

[18] PON1 and PON3 prevent the formation of atherogenic oxidised-LDL, the form of LDL present in foam cells of an atheromatous plaque.

Because of their know association with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and their effect on oxidized-LDL, PON1 and PON3 are implicated in lowering the risk of developing coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis.

[3] Subsequent environmental health risks have been reported in areas near high pesticide usage, paraoxonase enzyme mutations being associated with neurological disease development, e.g. amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

A 360 degree view of Serum Paraoxonase-1 (1v04)
One of the proposed lactonase active sites for serum paraoxonase-1 identifying relevant residues as well as the catalytic calcium ion. No substrate was used in this crystallized structure.