Pashto phonology

[1] [ɣwaʐ] Ear [ʂkɑ.rɵ.ˈdə] was Visible [a.ˈtaɳ] a Type of Dance [ˈla.ɽa] Fog [ˈɡɑ.ɖaɪ] Car, Vehicle [ˈɡa.ʈa] a Rock; Profit, Benefit The phonemes /q/, /f/ are only found in loanwords, and tend to be replaced by /k/, /p/ respectively.

[7][to abuse] [to translate] [learned] [honor] [prayer] An edited[note 1] list from the book Pashto Phonology by M.K.

[9] There are many complexities on the development from Proto-Iranian into the modern Pashto vowel inventory (romanization will be used here):[11]

[12][xo.wən.ˈzaɪ] [si.ˈləɪ] [aw] [t͡ʃɑɪ] [njɑw] [loɪ] [duɪ] Pashto has phonemic variable stress,[13] unique amongst Iranian languages.

This diagram is based on Anna Boyle's division of the dialect variations on geographic regions:[19]

Compare the following consonant and vowel differences amongst regions categorised as Northern dialects:[20]Or the difference in vowels and diphthongs in North Eastern Pashto: Rozi Khan Burki claims that the Ormuri alveolo-palatal fricative /ɕ/ and /ʑ/ may also be present in Waziri.

[21] But Pashto linguists such as Josef Elfenbein, Anna Boyle or Yousaf Khan Jazab have not noted this in Waziri Phonology.

[27] When [u] in begins a word in standard Pashto can become [jiː] or [w[ɛ]] Elfenbein also notes the presence of the near-open vowel [æ].