The Immaculate Conception Parish was initially established as a mission-parish by an Augustinian friar, Alonso de Alvarado, on January 20, 1572, in the village of Pinagbuhatan.

However, frequent flooding in the original site prompted the Augustinian priests to relocate it to higher ground, where the cathedral now currently stands.

In October 2001, the Ecclesiastical District of Pasig was created, covering the Vicariate of the Immaculate Conception, along with the parishes of Pateros and Taguig.

Two years later, Pope John Paul II signed his Papal Bull, Deus Caritas, decreeing the establishment of a new diocese comprising Pasig, Pateros, and Taguig.

After Gabriel resigned some weeks after, San Diego named the Vicar-General, Rodolfo Gallardo, as the new rector of the cathedral.

The celebration was led by the Apostolic Nuncio to the Philippines, Edward Joseph Adams, the Bishop of Pasig, and the entire faithful in the diocese.

In February 2021, as part of the Celebration of the 500th Year Anniversary of the Arrival of Christianity in the Philippines, the Cathedral-Parish was named as a Jubilee Church in the Diocese of Pasig along with the Diocesan Shrine of St. Martha and Parish of St. Roch in Pateros and the Minor Basilica and Archdiocesan Shrine Parish of St. Anne in Taguig.

On March 25, 2022, the 7 year-long restoration and renovation of the cathedral (including the addition of ceiling paintings) concluded with a grand inauguration and blessing officiated by Bishop Mylo Hubert Vergara.

The restoration and renovation was done under the Abang Lingkod ni Maria under the supervision of Camarera Mayor Wilfrieda Legaspi.

Along with this came the world premiere of 'Fresca Rosa Novella (Fresh New Rose),' an aria for tenor, composed by the youngest member of the Abang Lingkod ni Maria, Gabriel L. Legaspi.

The statue might have been copied to a painting which was commissioned by Pope Pius X for the golden jubilee of the dogmatic definition of the Immaculate Conception of Mary.