Pataria

Those involved in the movement were called patarini (singular patarino), patarines or patarenes, a word perhaps chosen by their opponents, the etymology of which is uncertain.

[2] Early in the year 1057, a preacher named Ariald arrived in the city of Milan and began to preach against the Milanese clerics' custom of marrying.

In 1059 Ariald travelled to Rome again to seek advice; Pope Stephen IX again sent envoys to Milan, this time Peter Damian and again Anselm of Baggio, but this did nothing to quell the unrest in the city.

In 1063, Landulf Cotta's brother Erlembald went to Rome where he obtained a papal banner from the newly elected Pope Alexander II in support of the Pataria movement.

Guido used this excommunication, however, to whip up the citizens' anger against the Patarenes at a public meeting, and Ariald was first chased out of the city of Milan, and then assassinated, in June 1066.

The controversy over the appointment of the archbishop of Milan continued, however, and contributed to the political tensions between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII.

[7] The Italian historian Gioacchino Volpe, for instance, argued in 1907 that the Pataria was a class conflict between the elites of Milan and the lower-status population.