In fMRI experiments, Goldberg et al. have found evidence that the superior frontal gyrus is involved in self-awareness, in coordination with the action of the sensory system.

While the medial frontal gyrus plays a role in self-awareness, it also demonstrates altered activity in depression that drives maladaptive self-reflection patterns, furthering the emotional distress and inability to shift focus from negative thoughts.

[5] As further research developed investigating this tract, a reciprocal corticocortical network between the two brain regions was revealed, indicating that the language system extends beyond the well-known Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas.

[5] The newfound importance of the SFG in language has prompted researchers to further evaluate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients with aphasia.

[7] Electrical stimulation was applied to the cortical surface of AK's left frontal lobe while an attempt was made to locate the focus of her epileptic seizures (which were never accompanied by laughter).

In a 2006 study, patients with left prefrontal lesions on the SFG exhibited poorer results on working memory tasks than the control group.

Mapping showed the lateral and posterior portions of the SFG contributed the most to the working memory deficit (mostly in Brodmann area 8 in front of the frontal eye field).