The 1898 Spanish–American War convinced Patterson a new school was needed that "shall have for its special object the preparation of young men for the diplomatic and consular service of the United States.

Patterson understood the United States was becoming a political and commercial world power and believed new institutions were needed to properly prepare Americans for this role.

Plans for a new institution centered on diplomatic and commercial training ran afoul of an abysmal budget situation at the start of the 20th century.

In 1970, however, the decision was made to concentrate solely on training at the master's degree level for students seeking professional careers in international affairs.

The program was originally housed on campus in a surplus army barracks, but moved to the Patterson Office Tower after its construction in 1969 where it remains today.