Paul Zweifel

Paul Zweifel (30 June 1848 in Höngg, near Zürich, Switzerland – 13 August 1927 in Leipzig, Germany[1]) was a German gynecologist and physiologist.

In 1871, he received the venia legendi at the University of Strassburg, where he had already become an assistant in the gynecological institute.

[2] At Strassburg, he conducted studies on the physiology of the fetus and placenta in Felix Hoppe-Seyler's institute.

In 1887 he transferred to University of Leipzig, where he served as the Chief of Obstetrics and Gynecology until his retirement 35 years later (1921).

[4] This was a hotly debated question before Zweifel, and his discovery introduced the modern era of fetal physiology research.