It can be performed in various patient populations including fetuses, newborns, children, adults, and pregnant women.

[1][3] BAV has been used in adult patients who have shortness of breath and the cause is unclear between aortic stenosis or from a primary lung problem.

[3][4] BAV can also be used as palliation therapy to improve symptoms in patients who cannot undergo AVR or TAVI due to contraindications.

It is not definitive treatment, but is performed in an attempt to prevent a condition called hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Changes in blood flow and circulation during pregnancy make it more likely for complications and symptoms to arise in patients with aortic stenosis.

When BAV is indicated, it is suggested to attempt to wait until the third trimester to avoid harm to the fetal thyroid from the contrast dye needed during the procedure.

[8] Other complications reported include but are not limited to infection, damage to the artery being accessed, heart arrhythmias, and decreased kidney function.

[1] A common complication of BAV in children is aortic regurgitation, which decreases in frequency the older the child is when the procedure occurs.

Specific risks of performing BAV in pregnant patients include potential harm to the fetus from radiation exposure.