475 (1866), was a case brought before the United States Supreme Court in 1866 over the issue of prisoners' rights.

[3] A Massachusetts business owner was convicted and sentenced to the payment of a large fine and to three months of hard labor for failing to have a state license for his liquor store.

He tried to invoke the "cruel and unusual punishment" clause of the Eighth Amendment.

The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not apply to state cases but only to federal issues.

[1] This "hands off" policy was not successfully challenged until 1963 when Jones v. Cunningham had the Supreme Court rule that inmates in state institutions could file a writ of habeas corpus challenging the conditions of their imprisonment as well as its legality.