Chronic lymphocytic placental inflammation occurs in 5% to 15% of pregnancies, and are generally not associated with documented infection.

IUGR involves the poor growth of the foetus, stillbirth, miscarriage, and premature delivery.

[5] VUE is a common lesion characterised by inflammation in the placental chorionic villi.

Roughly 80% of the VUE cases are in term placentas (greater than 37 weeks of pregnancy).

It often results in severe intrauterine growth restriction which can lead to miscarriage or stillbirth.