Like all species in this genus it is a parasite of both vertebrates and insects.

The vertebrate hosts are anole lizards.

[1] It has been suggested that P. azurophilum represents more than one species with one species infecting red blood cells and the other infecting white blood cells.

[2] Plasmodium azurophilum has been described in many species of Anolis.

[1] Median parasitaemia rates in infections tend to be low (<0.5%).