1 seed Igor Jakubowski had claimed an Olympic place as the winner and sole recipient of the men's heavyweight division at the 2016 AIBA World Qualifying Tournament in Baku.

The full track cycling team was named to the Polish roster for the Games on July 7, 2016, with Damian Zieliński leading the nation's riders on the velodrome at his third Olympics.

[16] Poland has received a spare berth freed up by Switzerland to send an eventing rider to the Games, as the next highest-ranked eligible athlete, not yet qualified, outside the group selection in the individual FEI Olympic Rankings.

Maciej Sarnacki, along with London 2012 Olympians Katarzyna Kłys and Daria Pogorzelec, were ranked among the top 22 eligible judokas for men and top 14 for women in the IJF World Ranking List of May 30, 2016, while Arleta Podolak at women's lightweight (57 kg) earned a continental quota spot from the European region as the highest-ranked Polish judoka outside of direct qualifying position.

Six rowing crews had confirmed Olympic places for their boats at the 2015 FISA World Championships in Lac d'Aiguebelette, France, while rowers competing in men's eight and women's pair were further added to the Polish roster with their top four finish at the 2016 European & Final Qualification Regatta in Lucerne, Switzerland.

[29] The entire shooting squad was named to the Polish roster on July 5, 2016, with rifle markswomen Agnieszka Nagay and London 2012 silver medalist Sylwia Bogacka returning for their fourth Olympics.

2012 Olympian Li Qian secured one of ten available Olympic spots in the women's singles by winning the group final match at the European Qualification Tournament in Halmstad, Sweden.

[33] London 2012 Olympians Wang Zengyi and Katarzyna Grzybowska, along with Jakub Dyjas, were automatically selected among the top 22 eligible players in their respective singles events based on the ITTF Olympic Rankings.

[34] Daniel Górak and Paralympian Natalia Partyka were each awarded the third spot to build the men's and women's teams for the Games by virtue of the top 10 national finish in the ITTF Olympic Rankings.

120) had claimed one of six ITF Olympic men's singles places, as Poland's top-ranked tennis player outside of direct qualifying position in the ATP World Rankings as of June 6, 2016.

[37][38] Due to the withdrawal of several tennis players from the Games, Magda Linette, along with Klaudia Jans-Ignacik and Paula Kania received spare ITF Olympic places to compete in the women's singles and doubles, respectively.

London 2012 Olympian Agnieszka Jerzyk was ranked among the top 40 eligible triathletes in the women's event based on the ITU Olympic Qualification List as of May 15, 2016.

[44] Head coach: Stéphane Antiga Polish weightlifters have qualified four men's quota places for the Rio Olympics based on their combined team standing by points at the 2014 and 2015 IWF World Championships.