Polyamines in plant stress

There are three common types of polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, hermospermine according to structure, universal distribution in all cellular compartments, and presumed involvement in physiological activities.

Putrescine, a kind of polyamine, decreaseS phytochelatin synthesis at enzymatic and gene expression levels by increasing cadmium toxicity in rice.

In this case, huge amounts of polyamine-cadmium complexes form, so higher density of cadmium and putrescine decreases phytochelatin synthesis as well as its gene expression.

[3] In the past, however, the main role of polyamines was originally assumed to be as direct protective compounds important under stress conditions because of their cationic nature (-) at physiological pH.

With both genes of pair impaired (acl5/spms), arabidopsis cannot perform enzyme activities anymore because it compromises thermospermine-spermine biosynthesis and causes hypersensitivity to NaCl and KCl.