Victoria, a late Renaissance Spanish composer, set a liturgical text from the Improperia (Reproaches) prescribed for the Catholic liturgy on Good Friday.

Victoria set two refrains, one from the ninth century, worded as if Jesus on the Cross addressed his people: "Popule meus, quid feci tibi?"

[3] Victoria's setting of the two refrains has been described as "of compelling beauty" and "music of great expressiveness", achieved by simple harmonies, mostly in homophony.

[3] A 1996 recording offers music by Victoria, including his Missa Dum Complerentur, sung by the Westminster Cathedral Choir, conducted by James O'Donnell.

[5] A 2004 collection offers the motet as part of music from the time of the reign of Philip II of Spain, performed by Musica Ficta.