Propionyl-CoA

[3] In different organisms, however, propionyl-CoA can be sequestered into controlled regions, to alleviate its potential toxicity through accumulation.

The multiple pathways, either catabolism by propionyl-CoA carboxylase or methylcitrate synthase, also depend on the presence of various genes.

(R)-Methylmalonyl-CoA is converted to succinyl-CoA, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, an enzyme requiring cobalamin to catalyze the carbon-carbon bond migration.

A defect in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase enzyme results in methylmalonic aciduria, a dangerous disorder that causes a lowering of blood pH.

In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it has been suggested that the metabolism of propionyl-CoA is involved in cell wall biogenesis.

For example, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase by an accumulation of propionyl-CoA in Rhodobacter sphaeroides can prove deadly.

Furthermore, as with E. coli, an influx of propionyl-CoA in Myobacterial species can result in toxicity if not dealt with immediately.

Such a process of methyl branching of the fatty acids causes them to act as sinks for accumulating propion [4] In an investigation performed by Luo et al., Escherichia coli strains were utilized to examine how the metabolism of propionyl-CoA could potentially lead to the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP).

It was shown that a mutation in a key gene involved in the pathway, succinate CoA-transferase, led to a significant increase in 3-HP.

[12] Amino acid metabolism in plants has been deemed a controversial topic, due to the lack of concrete evidence for any particular pathway.

Through different experiments performed by Lucas et al., it has been suggested that in plants, through peroxisomal enzymes, propionyl-CoA (and isobutyryl-CoA) are involved in the metabolism of many different substrates (currently being evaluated for identity), and not just valine.

[15][16] Due to structural similarities of Acetyl-CoA and Propionyl-CoA, propionylation reaction are thought to use many of the same enzymes used for protein acetylation.

This conserved acetyltransferase is responsible for the regulation of transcription by lysine acetylation of the histone N-terminal tails.

Medications used help to reverse and prevent recurring symptoms include using supplements to decrease propionate production.

Odd Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation to yield Propionyl-CoA, and subsequent metabolism by Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase
Chimeric structure of Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase
Methylcitrate cycle pathway, showing the conversion of propionate to propionyl-CoA to different intermediates in the methylcitrate cycle, releasing 4 net hydrogens. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] (Enzymes in circles, intermediates in squares)
Structure of 3-hydroxypropionic acid, the product of bacterial metabolism in E. coli .
Aspergillus nidulans in fungal medium. This fungi was used to analyze propionyl-CoA metabolism and polyketide synthesis.
Propioyl-CoA interacting with active catalytic site of Gen5. Gen5 is shown using space-filling model balls while propionyl-CoA is shown as a stick model, found in the middle of the complex.