[2] Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis are useful tool for rapid confirmative diagnosis.

[3] Prototheca zopfii is ubiquitous in nature, but mainly associated with wet areas and places with high amounts of organic matter.

[4] Prototheca zopfii grows in aerobic conditions and reproduce asexually by endosporulation.

[3] However, in 2017, three cases of human protothecosis due to P. zopfii genotype I have been reported in China.

[15][16] Prototheca zopfii is less susceptible or completely resistant to clotrimazole, fluconazole, econazole, flucytosine, cefoperazone, cephalexin, enrofloxacin, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, miconazole, colistin, a combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, penicillin, lincomycin, and novobiocin, whereas drugs such as nystatin, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B are effective against algae isolated from milk of mastitis-affected cows.