The province is surrounded by San Marino and Emilia Romagna in the north, Umbria and Tuscany in the west, Ancona in the south and the Adriatic Sea on the east.

[3] It has a robust economy with low unemployment, based on small and medium enterprises active in manufacturing, agriculture, tourism, other services.

[4] Tourism in the province plays a primary role in the local economy; the main attractions are the coast and the Apennines.

The city was established as Pisaurum[6] by the Romans in 184 BC as a colony of the Picentes, an early Italic people who lived on the northeast coast of Italy during the Iron Age.

[7] In 1737, 13 ancient votive stones were unearthed in a local Pesaro farm field, each bearing the inscription of a Roman god; these were written in a pre-Estrucan script, indicating a much earlier occupation of the area[8] than the 184 BC Picentes colony.