According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.4 square miles (94.2 km2), all land.

Main highways include: Organization of Ransom Township was approved by the Nobles County Board on September 3, 1872.

Many of the pioneer settlers were Union Army veterans and this name had wide support.

Ransom Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat.

At the state level, Ransom Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22A, represented by Republican Joe Schomacker.

Ransom Township is represented by Nobles County Commissioner Matt Widboom.