Calculating Space

Calculating Space (German: Rechnender Raum) is Konrad Zuse's 1969 book on automata theory.

He proposed that all processes in the universe are computational.

[3] Zuse proposed that the universe is being computed by some sort of cellular automaton or other discrete computing machinery,[2] challenging the long-held view that some physical laws are continuous by nature.

He focused on cellular automata as a possible substrate of the computation, and pointed out that the classical notions of entropy and its growth do not make sense in deterministically computed universes.

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