From 1985, Robert Holzmann worked for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris, France, and from 1988 as a senior economist for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in Washington, D.C., USA.
In 2002–2003, he also served as Acting Senior Vice President of the World Bank, and from 2009 as a Research Director.
In addition, he was a long-term head of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute (LBI) for the analysis of economic policy activities in Vienna, Austria.
From 2012 to 2015, he held a foundation chair at the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where he became Distinguished Research Fellow in 2016.
A number of books and articles have been translated into Arabic, Chinese, German, Russian and Spanish.