The Robot Patent is an English-language scholarly term for the imperial decrees (patents) in the 1700s abolishing compulsory labor (robot[a]) of serfs, issued by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, who had carried out a register of all land with a division between peasant and noble holdings.
[1][2] Joseph II outlawed the buying of 'rustic' land by the nobility and at the same time giving the rusticalists security of tenure.
His motive was to prevent the increase in 'dominical' land, which paid fewer taxes to the government.
When the Robot Patent was ended, the landlords had no interest in keeping peasantry to the soil.
However the small gentry were ruined; they could not run estates even with the robot compensation as it was far too little, in contrast with Hungarian nobles who owned mills, paper factories, and coal mines, all gained by the much larger compensation paid to them.