Romania competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy.

98 competitors, 82 men and 16 women, took part in 65 events in 13 sports.

15 fencers, 11 men and 4 women, represented Romania in 1960.

Romania had eight male rowers participate in four out of seven rowing events in 1960.

Ion Dumitrescu won the gold medal in the trap event.