[3] When Running Antelope was born near the Grand River, presently South Dakota, in 1821, few white men were in the area.

A shirt wearer served to intercede between the council and the headmen and akíčhita who carried out tribal policy and decisions.

[4] Under the influence of James McLaughlin, he became a dominant leader of the reservation Hunkpapa people at the Grand River Agency.

He was enrolled in 1868 at Grand River Agency, later part of Standing Rock Reservation in North and South Dakota.

Running Antelope established a settlement of about sixty families in the Grand River valley and opened a store.

In his later years, he regretted signing the 1868 Treaty and longed for the time when the Lakota were free, and realigned with Sitting Bull.

Wahacanka Sapa (Black Shield); Mato Luta (Red Bear); Edwin Phelps Aknan Iyanke (Runs on It); Mato Hotanka (Loud Voice Bear); Rlaya Wakua (Chase Rattling); Winkta Yuza (Married to Hermaphrodite); Cante Witko (Fool Heart); Pte San Waste Win (Pretty Grey Cow); Tatanka He Ksa (Broken Horn Bull).