In general, a sample is a limited quantity of something which is intended to be similar to and represent a larger amount of that thing(s).
[1] The things could be countable objects such as individual items available as units for sale, or an uncountable material.
Samples of material can be taken or provided for testing, analysis, investigation, quality control, demonstration, or trial use.
A solid sample can come in one or a few discrete pieces, or it can be fragmented, granular, or powdered.
[7] A section of a rod, wire, cord, sheeting, or tubing may be considered a sample.