It contains a tract of Amazon rainforest that extends east from the reservoir formed by the Samuel Hydroelectric Dam.

It is bounded to the north by the Jequitibá Forestry Settlement Project (Projeto de Assentamento Florestal), to the north and east by the Jacundá National Forest and to the south by the Jamari National Forest.

[3] The Samuel State Ecological Station lies in the lower plateau of the western Amazonia, with altitudes from 70 to 200 metres (230 to 660 ft) above sea level.

[6] The Rondonia Environmental agency Secretaria de Estado do Desenvolvimento Ambiental (SEDAM) signed an agreement with Eletronorte in 2013 for mutual cooperation in protection and conservation actions for the Samuel station, without transfer of funds.

On 2015 an advisory council was formed with members from government and non-government institutions of the Candeias do Jamari and Itapuã d'Oeste municipalities, Vila Nova Samuel and the Jequitibá PAF farmers association.