Samuel Kemper (died 1814) was an American adventurer and filibuster.
Born in Fauquier County, Virginia, Kemper was involved, along with his brothers Reuben and Nathan Kemper, in the 1804 rebellion against Spanish authorities in West Florida.
He became commander of the force upon the death of Colonel Magee during the siege of La Bahia in February 1813.
He eventually withdrew from the expedition when he lost confidence in the rebellious Mexican leaders.
Kemper fell ill from malaria on his return to the United States and died at St. Francisville, Louisiana, in 1814.