Ludlow joined the Bengal medical department (season of 1804) and was appointed Assistant Surgeon, First Class, on 18 March 1805.
[5] In 1831 he was appointed Superintending Surgeon and on 28 March of that year, transferred from Delhi to the Neemuch Division of the British Indian Army.
[7] On 11 August 1838 he was transferred from the Agra circle to Superintending Surgeon, Sirhind Division, British Indian Army, based in Ambala.
[8] Ludlow was appointed to the Bengal Medical Board and eventually retired from East India Company service and settled in Exeter.
[9][10] Sometime later, Samuel Ludlow moved to Bath, where he died on 17 October 1853 after a protracted illness.