Satya

[5] In the Vedas and later sutras, the meaning of the word satya evolves into an ethical concept about truthfulness and an important virtue.

[11][12] The negation of sat is asat, that is delusion, distorted, untrue, the fleeting impression that is incorrect, invalid, and false.

It is equated with and considered necessary to the concept Ṛta (ऋतं, ṛtaṃ)—that which is properly joined, order, rule, nature, balance, harmony.

Satya includes action and speech that is factual, real, true, and reverent to Ṛta in Books 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 10 of Rigveda.

For both are one.Taittiriya Upanishad's hymn 11.11 states, "Speak the Satya (truth), conduct yourself according to the Dharma (morality, ethics, law)".

Both of these ideas are explained in early Upanishads, composed before 500 BCE, by variously breaking the word satya or satyam into two or three syllables.

[26] The Shanti Parva of the Mahabharata states, "The righteous hold that forgiveness, truth, sincerity, and compassion are the foremost (of all virtues).

In the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, it is written, “When one is firmly established in speaking truth, the fruits of action become subservient to him.

Patanjali considers satya as a restraint from falsehood in one's action (body), words (speech, writing), or feelings / thoughts (mind).

[29] Satya is, in Patanjali's Yoga, the virtue of restraint from such falsehood, either through silence or through stating the truth without any form of distortion.

According to the Jain text Puruşārthasiddhyupāya:[33]: 33 All these subdivisions (injury, falsehood, stealing, unchastity, and attachment) are hiṃsā as indulgence in these sullies the pure nature of the soul.

have been mentioned separately only to make the disciple understand through illustrations.The term satya (Pali: sacca) is translated into English as "reality" or "truth."

'The Four Noble Truths' (ariya-sacca) are the briefest synthesis of the entire teaching of Buddhism,[35][36] since all those manifold doctrines of the threefold Pali canon are, without any exception, included therein.