The range is oriented along a northwest–southeast axis, extending roughly 80 miles (130 km) from 39°37′36″N 106°32′13″W / 39.62667°N 106.53694°W / 39.62667; -106.53694 in the north to 38°5′51″N 106°3′48″W / 38.09750°N 106.06333°W / 38.09750; -106.06333 in the south.

The range forms a part of the Continental Divide, and its eastern side drains into the headwaters of the Arkansas River.

The Sawatch mountains in general are high, massive, and relatively gentle in contour.

It is also traversed by Cottonwood Pass, which connects the town of Buena Vista with Gunnison County.

Hagerman Pass is traversable with four-wheel drive vehicles and on foot during summer and early autumn months.