Timeline of Polish science and technology

The catalog of the library of the Cathedral Chapter in Kraków dating from 1110 shows that Polish scholars already then had access to western European literature.

[1] The Polish people have made considerable contributions in the fields of science, technology and mathematics.

[2] The list of famous scientists in Poland begins in earnest with the polymath, astronomer and mathematician Nicolaus Copernicus, who formulated the heliocentric theory and sparked the European Scientific Revolution.

Outstanding Polish mathematicians formed the Lwów School of Mathematics (with Stefan Banach, Hugo Steinhaus, Stanisław Ulam)[7][8] and Warsaw School of Mathematics (with Alfred Tarski, Kazimierz Kuratowski, Wacław Sierpiński).

Today Poland has over 100 institutions of post-secondary education—technical, medical, economic, as well as 500 universities—which are located in most major cities such as Gdańsk, Kraków, Lublin, Łódź, Poznań, Rzeszów, Toruń, Warsaw and Wrocław.

ESO accession agreement with Poland 2014.
Staszic Palace , the seat of the Polish academy of sciences , and Copernicus Monument .
Mandelbrot Set
Aleksander Wolszczan is credited with discovering the first extrasolar planet PSR B1257+12 .
OGLE telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory .
Ball and stick model of a single layer of the Kevlar crystal structure.
A diagram showing the measured and predicted half-lives of heavy and superheavy nuclides, as well as the beta stability line and predicted location of the island of stability.
A diagram by the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research showing the measured (boxed) and predicted half-lives of superheavy nuclides , ordered by number of protons and neutrons. The expected location of the island of stability around Z = 112 is circled.
Diagram showing the Lagrangian points of the Earth–Moon system. Kordylewski clouds exist in the regions of L 4 and L 5 .
Marian Rejewski , Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski , Polish mathematicians and cryptologists who worked at breaking the German Enigma ciphers before and during World War II .
A mushroom cloud lights up the dawn sky
Ivy Mike , the first full test of the Teller–Ulam design (a staged fusion bomb), with a yield of 10.4 megatons on 1 November 1952.
Lwów School of Mathematics in 1930.
PZL.37 Łoś twin-engine medium bomber
Drzewiecki -designed submarine built in 1881 and now in the Central Naval Museum , Saint Petersburg .
Chemical element Protactinium ( Pa ) was discovered by Kazimierz Fajans in 1913.
Illustration of the Banach–Tarski paradox
Cover of Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922), a seminal work of Bronisław Malinowski .
The Maurzyce Bridge designed by Stefan Bryła in 1928, is the first welded road bridge in the world.
Maria Skłodowska-Curie Nobel Prize Diploma from 1911.
Ignacy Łukasiewicz Monument in Bóbrka , where he established the world's first oil field in 1854.
Frames from Rink in Łazienki film shot in the 1890s by Kazimierz Prószyński with his pleograph device.
Ball-and-stick model of the zwitterionic form of adrenaline . The hormone was discovered by Napoleon Cybulski in 1895.
Flag of Esperanto . Created by L. L. Zamenhof , Esperanto is the world's most successful constructed language.
Ludwik Rydygier Monument in Chełmno , where he performed his pioneering surgical procedures in the 1880s.
Ferrocarril Central Andino , constructed by Ernest Malinowski between 1871 and 1876, was the world's highest railway line at the time.
Engraving of Hevelius' 46 m (150 ft) focal-length telescope .
Michał Sędziwój , who discovered that air is not a single substance and contains a life-giving substance (later called oxygen ), on a painting by Jan Matejko .
Nicolaus Copernicus on a painting by Jan Matejko .
Collegium Maius , Jagiellonian University , Kraków .